Cartography / GIS Output
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
GIS output - maps, charts,
tables
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
map purpose (uses of a
map) - navigation, data storage (e.g. forest inventory), geographic communication, aid in
decision-making
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
types of maps - general
reference (planimetric & topographic), thematic (to illustrate spatial
relations & patterns: soils, forest inventory, income)
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
map components
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
"map proper", bounded by
neatline, geo-reference
grid (UTM and/or graticule) |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
title, date, author, legend,
direction (north), scale |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
symbology, annotation |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
projection, datum, inset map
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
generalization (as discussed
before) - selection, simplification, displacement, smoothing
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
map design
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
consider how a map is
viewed - title, spatial patterns, legend, peripheral data |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
consider map purpose -
general reference vs. thematic |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
balance - arrangement
of elements |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
hierarchy - perceived
importance
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
relative size (map vs.
other elements, symbols on the map) |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
colour (dark / bright
colours standout) |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
location (eyes drawn to
centre of page) |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
figure-ground relationship
- for important features and distinguish between land-water |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
contrast - how
distinguishable are the map features (done with colour, brightness,
pattern, line weight, font size, etc.)
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
Do's
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
use a small number of
'related colours'
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
better to use different
shades of few colours |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
'pre-made' colour ramps
use complimentary colours
- gradual change for
quantitative
- distinct change for
qualitative
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
use few font types, better
to vary font size and 'boldness', also use simple font types
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
annotation should be
horizontal (or vertical or follow feature)
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
use plain colours /
patterns to fill large areas
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
use hierarchy to clearly
communicate your intent (important elements should standout)
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
remember title, 'map' and
legend are most important (supporting data should be muted)
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
title should be
meaningful |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
'map' should be "front &
centre" |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
legend 'supports' map and
should not 'dominate', also needs to be clear (no filenames)
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
if using a scale bar,
include units
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
Do Not (Avoid)
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
inappropriate colours (red
associated with danger, blue associated with calm or water) |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
overlap symbols and
annotation |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul3a.gif) |
place annotation (e.g.
place names) across important line work |
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
choropleth maps
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
thematic map that
classifies a quantitative value and symbolizes it using a colour or
shading scheme |
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
"non-map" outputs
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
cartograms - true locations
often sacrificed to enhance spatial relations (subway map, relative size of
objects-city populations) |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
3-D representation -
surfaces |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
animations
|
|
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul1a.gif) |
media
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
paper - static, long-lived |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
computer monitor - dynamic and
short-lived |
![bullet](../../_themes/blends/blebul2a.gif) |
web-based - dynamic and
interactive |
|
|