 | Hosts & Range
(click to expand)
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| Life Cycle / Biology
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| Signs & Symptoms
 | insect (click to expand)
 | hairy egg mass on empty female cocoon casing |
| larva
- hairy (radiating from red dots)
- 4 rust-tipped tufts (toothbrush-like) on back
- 2 black 'pencil tufts' on head; 1 on rear |
| hairy pupal case |
| drab male moth; wingless female
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| tree (click to expand)
| top & tips defol. first |
| early defol (wasteful feeding) burnt (red) appearance |
| top kill
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| stand (click to expand)
| 350-1250 m elev |
| defol in distinct patches (... insect dispersal) - may coalesce
in outbreak |
| early in outbreak - large open grown trees noticed
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| Damage (click
to expand)
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| Management
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| Annual overview surveys (see photo above) |
| Monitor with pheromone traps (predictive sampling) in high risk areas
only native defol. with an operational pheromone-based pop'n
monitoring system
low # of traps when endemic but ...
many traps in building phase |
| Monitor egg masses - during outbreaks to help pinpoint infestation
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| Short Term Action
NPV in
early building stage & early outbreak
takes 5-8 weeks - good for pop'n control, but not foliage control
virus gets ingested, takes over
cells, larva stops eating, dies in situ, "explosive"
mating disruption
pheromone sprayed to confuse the males
early stage of build-up and 1st year of outbreak
can be considered 2nd chance if areas missed by NPV
Btk - apply during outbreak
for pop'n control spray later instars
for foliage control spray early instars
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| Long Term Mgmt
Species mgmt - conversion (to Py) or mix species (Fd & Py)
stand structure - remove older vets and thin intermediate age trees |
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