- Seed & Seedling
- General
- Disease Triangle
- pathogen
- sanitation/ roguing
- fungicide
- clean seed
- clean soil
- clean 'env.' (styroblock)
- host
- rotate species
- fallow - BBR
- min. stress/ damage - but ... harden-off / root pruning
- environment
- soil pH
- moisture (not excess) / ventilation
- Stock Types
-
- usu. shoot problem
- mgmt
- watering schedule
- aeration (holes in styroblock & fans)
- clean stryroblocks & clean soil (for root issues)
-
- usu. root problem
- previous crop
- mgmt
- pH
- crop rotation
- fallow
- tilling
-
- Abiotic vs. Biotic (seedlings & others)
- abiotic
- no signs
- symptoms usu. in patterns
- cultural events
- topography
- NOT specific to spp / age / part
- appears quickly - but no spread
- tissues often dry
- biotic
- signs (fruiting bodies - usu. black flecks)
- symptoms usu. NOT in patterns (unless predisposition)
- usu. specific to spp / age / part
- appears slowly & spreads
- tissues mushy
- Storage Molds
- Why store seedlings?
- timing for sowing vs. planting
- order seedlings in fall (yr = 2017)
- sown in Feb/Mar (yr = 2018)
- planted following year in "April" (yr = 2019)
- keeps seedlings hardy ... dormant
- Temperature
- -2 C for storage - minimal fungus growth
- +2 C for slow thaw - good for seedlings (but if mould ...)
-
- weak saprophytes
- but can develop at +2 C
- mgmt
- periodically examine stock while in storage
- keep cold/frozen during transport
- periodically examine on planting site
- if mold
- maintain frozen (if reefer still set at -2C), then ...
- ... plant ASAP
- if not severely infected, mould stops soon after planting (esp. in sun)
- Misc.
- Seed Diseases
- Spruce Cone Rust (Chrysomyxa - pirolata/ monesis)
- Hosts & Range
- Inland
- Se, Sw, Sb (Sx)
- wintergreens & single delight)
- interior of BC
- Coastal
- Ss
- single delight
- QCI
- Life cycle
- primary host - spruce cones - spermatia & aecio (summer)
- secondary host
- uredinio - summer/fall
- OW as mycelium in roots
- telio & basidio in spring
- Damage
- no seeds in infected cones
- or cones deformed & resinous
- S & S
- rusty spores on cones
- cones deformed
- some resin on cones
- Mgmt
- in nature ... nothing
- in seed orchard
- manage secondary hosts ... not likely
- nothing, except don't collect when disease
- Sirococcus strobolinus
- Hosts & Range
- H, S, P & F - cones & young shoots
- coast & interior wet belt
- Life Cycle
- spores (spring) infect shoots or cones
- OW on dead tissue
- likes
- low light
- mild temp.
- high humidity
- Damage
- infected seeds - post-emergence damping-off
- kill shoots on young trees - growth impact
- minor issue for mature trees
- S & S
- black specks on cones or needles/ shoots
- shoot tip die back
- shepard's crook
- purple canker on stem
- germinants killed upright- driy & rigid
- Mgmt
- germination test for seeds
- air flow/ humidity for seedlings
- Caloscypha fulgens
- Hosts & Range - cones / BC
- Life Cycle
- saprophyte on forest floor
- infects dead O.M. (not live cones)
- infected seeds do not germinate
- Damage - infected seeds do not germinate
- S & S - nothing on seeds, orange cups
- Mgmt
- stratification - favours cold fungus
- fungicides
- don't collect cones from ground
- Damping Off
- rotting of seeds / germinants
- timing (of death)
- pre-emergence
- post-emergence (<6 weeks)
- Sources
- soil
- seed
- water
- Stock Types
- PSB
- usu. shoot
- close spacing
- moist
- warm
- low light (UV)
- mgmt
- relative humidity
- watering
- aeration
- clean soil / styroblocks
- BBR
- usu. root
- soil is 'natural'
- $$ to fumigate
- seepage
- previous crops vs. fallow
- mgmt
- pH
- watering
- crop rotation
- fallow
- tilling
