- Root Disease - "The Others"
- Inonotus tomentosus - DRT
- Hosts & Range
-
- high susc. - Sx
- mod. susc (if /w Sx) - Pl
- all others are tolerant/ resistant
- sites series
- v. dry often absent as no S
- zonal - dry - most abundant - S stressed & "off site"
- wetter sites - less common (lack of O2)
-
- similar to DRL
- but spores can infect small surface roots
- Damage (mortality, reduced increment, decay)
- often with spruce (bark) beetle
- infected S subject to windthrow
- Pl tends to die standing
-
- typical root rot symptoms
- windthrow
- criss-cross
- rootballs
- (although Pl tends to die standing)
- decay
- honeycomb
- fruiting body
- occurs on ~20% of infected trees
-
-
- alternate species (i.e. not Sx)
- stumping/ push-over, IF
- economic
- robust soils (depth, texture, cfc%)
- slopes <35%
- ... and what about those spores?
- avoidance (5m) ??
-
- low - no restrictions (mix spp. is best)
- mod - OK if high susc (i.e. Sx) <40%
- high - consult Regional Pathologist
-
- Heterobasidion annosum - DRN
- 2 strains
- P (pine) - similar to DRL, E. Canada, Europe, California (H. irregulare)
- S (spruce) - in BC, a butt rot, has limited ability to travel along roots (H. occidentale)
- Hosts & Range
-
- Infection - spores, primary invader
- P strain - can travel along roots like DRL
- S strain - limited ability to travel along roots
- Damage
- P strain - like DRL
- S strain - a butt rot, can kill young trees <15 years
-
- conk
- management
- @ harvest - stump? (spores, root travel)
- Phaeolus schweinitzii - DRS
- Hosts & Range - range of Fd (CDF & IDF) ... F & S
- Infection & Spread - spores on wounds ... tree-to-tree is minimal
- Damage - a butt rot
- signs & symptoms - BROWN rot, velvet conk
- management - nope, but timber cruising ...
- Rhizina undulata - DRR
- Hosts & Range - coast & interior wet belt ... conifer seedlings
- Infection & spread - burned sites
- damage
- sporatic (67, 88/89)
- seedling / plantation failure - short lived, mycostasis
- signs & symptoms
- fruiting body - oozing brains
- white/yellow rhizoids (why not black?)
- management
- @ harvest?
- @ JS?
- Black Stain - DRB
- Ophiostoma ... (Leptographium ... Ceratocystis ... Verticicladiella) wageneri - I hate latin names
- Hosts & Range
- Fd variety (range of Fd)
- Pine variety (s. interior)
- biology
- Infection & Spread - beetles & root contact (rate: 1-2 m/yr in BC)
- asco ... obligate ... does not persist in stumps for very long after JS
- (may survive long enough in older Fd stumps & cause infection)
- beetles act as long distance vector
- attracted to newly injured trees (less resistance)
- even fresh cut stumps are attractive
- can build-up in JS slash
- attack at root collar
- Damage
- Fd
- 15 - 60 yrs
- mortality declines after 25+ yr
- can get centres of 30 trees
- Pl
- >45 yrs
- >80yr & >1000m. elev. are very prone
- as big as 50% mortality over 350 ha
- signs & symptoms
- generic symptoms
- stain (useful in live or recently dead trees)
- beetle activity in the root collar
- management
- @ harvest/regen
- minimize // remove injured trees (partial harvest, roadside)
- regen - mixed spp.
- @ JS
- favour alt spp
- timing - summer months - slash dries out quickly (vector)
- do NOT space infection centre + 10m buffer
